//
// URI.h
//
// Library: Foundation
// Package: URI
// Module:  URI
//
// Definition of the URI class.
//
// Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Applied Informatics Software Engineering GmbH.
// and Contributors.
//
// SPDX-License-Identifier:	BSL-1.0
//


#ifndef Foundation_URI_INCLUDED
#define Foundation_URI_INCLUDED


#include "Poco/Foundation.h"
#include <vector>
#include <utility>


namespace Poco {


class Path;


class Foundation_API URI
	/// A Uniform Resource Identifier, as specified in RFC 3986.
	///
	/// The URI class provides methods for building URIs from their
	/// parts, as well as for splitting URIs into their parts.
	/// Furthermore, the class provides methods for resolving
	/// relative URIs against base URIs.
	///
	/// The class automatically performs a few normalizations on
	/// all URIs and URI parts passed to it:
	///   * scheme identifiers are converted to lower case
	///   * percent-encoded characters are decoded (except for the query string)
	///   * optionally, dot segments are removed from paths (see normalize())
	///
	/// Note that dealing with query strings requires some precautions, as, internally,
	/// query strings are stored in percent-encoded form, while all other parts of the URI
	/// are stored in decoded form. While parsing query strings from properly encoded URLs
	/// generally works, explicitly setting query strings with setQuery() or extracting
	/// query strings with getQuery() may lead to ambiguities. See the descriptions of
	/// setQuery(), setRawQuery(), getQuery() and getRawQuery() for more information.
{
public:
	using QueryParameters = std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>;

	URI();
		/// Creates an empty URI.

	explicit URI(const std::string& uri);
		/// Parses an URI from the given string. Throws a
		/// SyntaxException if the uri is not valid.

	explicit URI(const char* uri);
		/// Parses an URI from the given string. Throws a
		/// SyntaxException if the uri is not valid.

	URI(const std::string& scheme, const std::string& pathEtc);
		/// Creates an URI from its parts.

	URI(const std::string& scheme, const std::string& authority, const std::string& pathEtc);
		/// Creates an URI from its parts.

	URI(const std::string& scheme, const std::string& authority, const std::string& path, const std::string& query);
		/// Creates an URI from its parts.

	URI(const std::string& scheme, const std::string& authority, const std::string& path, const std::string& query, const std::string& fragment);
		/// Creates an URI from its parts.

	URI(const URI& uri);
		/// Copy constructor. Creates an URI from another one.

	URI(URI&& uri) noexcept;
		/// Move constructor.

	URI(const URI& baseURI, const std::string& relativeURI);
		/// Creates an URI from a base URI and a relative URI, according to
		/// the algorithm in section 5.2 of RFC 3986.

	explicit URI(const Path& path);
		/// Creates a URI from a path.
		///
		/// The path will be made absolute, and a file:// URI
		/// will be built from it.

	~URI();
		/// Destroys the URI.

	URI& operator = (const URI& uri);
		/// Assignment operator.

	URI& operator = (URI&& uri) noexcept;
		/// Move assignment.

	URI& operator = (const std::string& uri);
		/// Parses and assigns an URI from the given string. Throws a
		/// SyntaxException if the uri is not valid.

	URI& operator = (const char* uri);
		/// Parses and assigns an URI from the given string. Throws a
		/// SyntaxException if the uri is not valid.

	void swap(URI& uri);
		/// Swaps the URI with another one.

	void clear();
		/// Clears all parts of the URI.

	std::string toString() const;
		/// Returns a string representation of the URI.
		///
		/// Characters in the path, query and fragment parts will be
		/// percent-encoded as necessary.

	const std::string& getScheme() const;
		/// Returns the scheme part of the URI.

	void setScheme(const std::string& scheme);
		/// Sets the scheme part of the URI. The given scheme
		/// is converted to lower-case.
		///
		/// A list of registered URI schemes can be found
		/// at <http://www.iana.org/assignments/uri-schemes>.

	const std::string& getUserInfo() const;
		/// Returns the user-info part of the URI.

	void setUserInfo(const std::string& userInfo);
		/// Sets the user-info part of the URI.

	const std::string& getHost() const;
		/// Returns the host part of the URI.

	void setHost(const std::string& host);
		/// Sets the host part of the URI.

	unsigned short getPort() const;
		/// Returns the port number part of the URI.
		///
		/// If no port number (0) has been specified, the
		/// well-known port number (e.g., 80 for http) for
		/// the given scheme is returned if it is known.
		/// Otherwise, 0 is returned.

	void setPort(unsigned short port);
		/// Sets the port number part of the URI.

	unsigned short getSpecifiedPort() const;
		/// Returns the port number part of the URI.
		///
		/// If no explicit port number has been specified,
		/// returns 0.

	std::string getAuthority() const;
		/// Returns the authority part (userInfo, host and port)
		/// of the URI.
		///
		/// If the port number is a well-known port
		/// number for the given scheme (e.g., 80 for http), it
		/// is not included in the authority.

	void setAuthority(const std::string& authority);
		/// Parses the given authority part for the URI and sets
		/// the user-info, host, port components accordingly.

	const std::string& getPath() const;
		/// Returns the decoded path part of the URI.

	void setPath(const std::string& path);
		/// Sets the path part of the URI.

	std::string getQuery() const;
		/// Returns the decoded query part of the URI.
		///
		/// Note that encoded ampersand characters ('&', "%26")
		/// will be decoded, which could cause ambiguities if the query
		/// string contains multiple parameters and a parameter name
		/// or value contains an ampersand as well.
		/// In such a case it's better to use getRawQuery() or
		/// getQueryParameters().

	void setQuery(const std::string& query);
		/// Sets the query part of the URI.
		///
		/// The query string will be percent-encoded. If the query
		/// already contains percent-encoded characters, these
		/// will be double-encoded, which is probably not what's
		/// intended by the caller. Furthermore, ampersand ('&')
		/// characters in the query will not be encoded. This could
		/// lead to ambiguity issues if the query string contains multiple
		/// name-value parameters separated by ampersand, and if any
		/// name or value also contains an ampersand. In such a
		/// case, it's better to use setRawQuery() with a properly
		/// percent-encoded query string, or use addQueryParameter()
		/// or setQueryParameters(), which take care of appropriate
		/// percent encoding of parameter names and values.

	void addQueryParameter(const std::string& param, const std::string& val = "");
		/// Adds "param=val" to the query; "param" may not be empty.
		/// If val is empty, only '=' is appended to the parameter.
		///
		/// In addition to regular encoding, function also encodes '&' and '=',
		/// if found in param or val.

	const std::string& getRawQuery() const;
		/// Returns the query string in raw form, which usually
		/// means percent encoded.

	void setRawQuery(const std::string& query);
		/// Sets the query part of the URI.
		///
		/// The given query string must be properly percent-encoded.

	QueryParameters getQueryParameters() const;
		/// Returns the decoded query string parameters as a vector
		/// of name-value pairs.

	void setQueryParameters(const QueryParameters& params);
		/// Sets the query part of the URI from a vector
		/// of query parameters.
		///
		/// Calls addQueryParameter() for each parameter name and value.

	const std::string& getFragment() const;
		/// Returns the fragment part of the URI.

	void setFragment(const std::string& fragment);
		/// Sets the fragment part of the URI.

	void setPathEtc(const std::string& pathEtc);
		/// Sets the path, query and fragment parts of the URI.

	std::string getPathEtc() const;
		/// Returns the encoded path, query and fragment parts of the URI.

	std::string getPathAndQuery() const;
		/// Returns the encoded path and query parts of the URI.

	void resolve(const std::string& relativeURI);
		/// Resolves the given relative URI against the base URI.
		/// See section 5.2 of RFC 3986 for the algorithm used.

	void resolve(const URI& relativeURI);
		/// Resolves the given relative URI against the base URI.
		/// See section 5.2 of RFC 3986 for the algorithm used.

	bool isRelative() const;
		/// Returns true if the URI is a relative reference, false otherwise.
		///
		/// A relative reference does not contain a scheme identifier.
		/// Relative references are usually resolved against an absolute
		/// base reference.

	bool empty() const;
		/// Returns true if the URI is empty, false otherwise.

	bool operator == (const URI& uri) const;
		/// Returns true if both URIs are identical, false otherwise.
		///
		/// Two URIs are identical if their scheme, authority,
		/// path, query and fragment part are identical.

	bool operator == (const std::string& uri) const;
		/// Parses the given URI and returns true if both URIs are identical,
		/// false otherwise.

	bool operator != (const URI& uri) const;
		/// Returns true if both URIs are identical, false otherwise.

	bool operator != (const std::string& uri) const;
		/// Parses the given URI and returns true if both URIs are identical,
		/// false otherwise.

	void normalize();
		/// Normalizes the URI by removing all but leading . and .. segments from the path.
		///
		/// If the first path segment in a relative path contains a colon (:),
		/// such as in a Windows path containing a drive letter, a dot segment (./)
		/// is prepended in accordance with section 3.3 of RFC 3986.

	void getPathSegments(std::vector<std::string>& segments);
		/// Places the single path segments (delimited by slashes) into the
		/// given vector.

	static void encode(const std::string& str, const std::string& reserved, std::string& encodedStr);
		/// URI-encodes the given string by escaping reserved and non-ASCII
		/// characters. The encoded string is appended to encodedStr.

	static void decode(const std::string& str, std::string& decodedStr, bool plusAsSpace = false);
		/// URI-decodes the given string by replacing percent-encoded
		/// characters with the actual character. The decoded string
		/// is appended to decodedStr.
		///
		/// When plusAsSpace is true, non-encoded plus signs in the query are decoded as spaces.
		/// (http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#h-17.13.4.1)

protected:
	bool equals(const URI& uri) const;
		/// Returns true if both uri's are equivalent.

	bool isWellKnownPort() const;
		/// Returns true if the URI's port number is a well-known one
		/// (for example, 80, if the scheme is http).

	unsigned short getWellKnownPort() const;
		/// Returns the well-known port number for the URI's scheme,
		/// or 0 if the port number is not known.

	void parse(const std::string& uri);
		/// Parses and assigns an URI from the given string. Throws a
		/// SyntaxException if the uri is not valid.

	void parseAuthority(std::string::const_iterator& it, const std::string::const_iterator& end);
		/// Parses and sets the user-info, host and port from the given data.

	void parseHostAndPort(std::string::const_iterator& it, const std::string::const_iterator& end);
		/// Parses and sets the host and port from the given data.

	void parsePath(std::string::const_iterator& it, const std::string::const_iterator& end);
		/// Parses and sets the path from the given data.

	void parsePathEtc(std::string::const_iterator& it, const std::string::const_iterator& end);
		/// Parses and sets the path, query and fragment from the given data.

	void parseQuery(std::string::const_iterator& it, const std::string::const_iterator& end);
		/// Parses and sets the query from the given data.

	void parseFragment(std::string::const_iterator& it, const std::string::const_iterator& end);
		/// Parses and sets the fragment from the given data.

	void mergePath(const std::string& path);
		/// Appends a path to the URI's path.

	void removeDotSegments(bool removeLeading = true);
		/// Removes all dot segments from the path.

	static void getPathSegments(const std::string& path, std::vector<std::string>& segments);
		/// Places the single path segments (delimited by slashes) into the
		/// given vector.

	void buildPath(const std::vector<std::string>& segments, bool leadingSlash, bool trailingSlash);
		/// Builds the path from the given segments.

	static const std::string RESERVED_PATH;
	static const std::string RESERVED_QUERY;
	static const std::string RESERVED_QUERY_PARAM;
	static const std::string RESERVED_FRAGMENT;
	static const std::string ILLEGAL;

private:
	std::string    _scheme;
	std::string    _userInfo;
	std::string    _host;
	unsigned short _port;
	std::string    _path;
	std::string    _query;
	std::string    _fragment;
};


//
// inlines
//
inline const std::string& URI::getScheme() const
{
	return _scheme;
}


inline const std::string& URI::getUserInfo() const
{
	return _userInfo;
}


inline const std::string& URI::getHost() const
{
	return _host;
}


inline const std::string& URI::getPath() const
{
	return _path;
}


inline const std::string& URI::getRawQuery() const
{
	return _query;
}


inline const std::string& URI::getFragment() const
{
	return _fragment;
}


inline unsigned short URI::getSpecifiedPort() const
{
	return _port;
}


inline void swap(URI& u1, URI& u2)
{
	u1.swap(u2);
}


} // namespace Poco


#endif // Foundation_URI_INCLUDED
